Study revolutions
piece by piece.

S1 Britain has war debt S2 Parliament approves new taxes The war cost a lot of money. S3 Stamp act tax S4 Where is our representative? Debt → Taxes → Protest

S1 Petition boycotts S2 Poston tea party 1773 We can refuse to buy British tea. The tea goes into the harbor. A boycott is a protest. Britain is angry. S3Intolerable acts 1774 S4 Lexington & Concord 1775 Britain closes Boston Harbor. The military prepares to fight. The Colonies unite. War begins.

S1 Enlightenment Ideas S2 Declaration - 1776 We have natural rights. We declare independence. The government needs our consent. A new country begins. People may resist tyranny. Reason can challenge authority. S3 Saratoga → French Alliance S4 Yorktown → Peace France sends money, soldiers, and ships. Britain recognizes American independence.

Patriot, Loyalist, or Neutral? Patriot : I support independence. Neutral : We want to stay safe. Loyalist : I remain royal to Britain.

- Which side may offer freedom? Two people in the middle : Which side may help us become free? Two people (left side) The choices are difficult. The paper : Freedom is not guaranteed.

- Protect Land and Sovereignty Person 1 : What protects our nation? Person 2 : Which alliance is safer? Person 3 : Our nations make different choices Settlers : Settlers are moving west. *Script - The promise and The Reality Work changes. Political rights do not change.

S1 Before the Revolution, France had three estates. First estate : clergy Second estate : nobles Third estate : everyone else S2 Second estate (nobles) : We have many privileges. First estate (clergy) : We pay less tax. S3 Third estate (everyone else) 1 : we do most of the work. Third estate (everyone else) 2 : we pay most of the taxes. S4 Third estate (everyone else) 1 : This system is unfair! Third estate (everyone else) 2 : We want change.

S1 In 1789, King Louis XVI called the Estates-General. France has a money problem. S2 We represent most of the people. S3 But each estate gets only one vote. S4 We are the National Assembly!

S1 June 20, 1789 : The Tennis Court Oath Blue jacket guy : The hall is closed! S2 Blue jacket guy : Then we will meet here. S3 People : We will not leave until France has a constitution. S4 People : We swear it!

S1 The king may use force. S2 We need weapons and gunpower. S4 The Bastille has fallen!

S1 The Assembly wrote a new declaration. S2 People are born free and equal in rights. S3 Power belongs to the nation. S4 Rights matter more than birth.

S1 In 1791, France became a constitutional monarchy. S2 The king still rules, but his power is limited. S3 We do not trust Louis XVI. S4 France is now a republic!

S1 Louis XVI is guilty of treason. S2 I wanted to help France. S3 On January 21, 1793, the king was executed. S4 France has no king now.

S1 France faced war and fear. S2 Enemies of the Revolution must be punished. S3 Anyone could be accused. S4 People feared the guillotine.

S1 After the Terror, the Directory ruled France. S2 We will restore order. S3 The government is weak and unstable. S4 The army is gaining power.

S1 In 1799, Napoleon seized power. S2 Napoleon : I will bring order to France. S3 The Revolution is changing again. S4 The French Revolution entered a new stage.

S1 Saint-Domingue was a rich French colony. S2 Saint-Domingue people : We do all the hard work. But we are not free. S3 The colony had deep social inequality. S4 Saint-Domingue people : This system is unfair.

S1 In 1789, the French Revolution began. S2 Saint-Domingue people : France talks about liberty and equality. Should we have equal rights too? S3 If liberty is real, why are we still enslaved? S4 Revolutionary ideas increased conflict in Saint-Domingue.

S1 In 1791, enslaved people began a major uprising. S2 Saint-Domingue people : We will fight for freedom. The slave system must end. S3 The revolt spread across northern Saint-Domingue. S4 Saint-Domingue people : This is a revolution against slavery.

S1 The revolution became a complex war. S2 Slavery is abolished here. S3 Saint-Domingue people : We are free now. This changes everything! S4 In 1794, revolutionary France abolished slavery in its colonies.

S1 Toussaint Louverture became an important leader. S2 Toussaint Louverture : We will defend freedom and defeat our enemies. S3 Toussaint helped defeat rival armies and gained power. S4 Toussaint is leading Saint-Domingue now.

S1 In 1801. Saint-Domingue adopted a new constitution. S2 Slavery will never return. S3 The colony governs itself now. But it is still linked to France. S4 Napoleon did not like Toussaint’s growing power.

S1 In 1802, Napoleon sent troops to regain control. S2 France will rule this colony again. S3 We must protect our freedom. S4 Toussaint was captured and sent to France.

S1 Jean-Jacques Dessalines continued the struggle. S2 Jean-Jacques Dessalines : We will not let slavery return. S3 In 1803, Haitian forces won at Vertieres. S4 France is defeated.

S1 On January 1, 1804, Haiti declared independence. S2 We are free and independent. S3 Haiti became the first independent Black republic. S4 Haiti changed world history.

S1 In 1869, the Metis lived at Red River. S2 The Metis people : They are measuring our land. We were not asked. S3 The Metis feared losing their land and rights. S4 The Metis people : We must defend our rights.

S1 The Metis stopped the survey and organized resistance. S2 Canada must negotiate with us. S3 They formed a provisional government. Person 1 : Here is our list of rights. S4 The Metis wanted land, language, and political rights protected.

S1 In 1870, negotiations led to the Manitoba Act. S2 Our rights are recognized in Manitoba. S3 But Metis land promises were delayed and disputed. S4 Many Metis moved farther west.

S1 Metis communities grew in the North-West. S2 Their petitions were often ignored. Person 1 : We want our land rights respected. S3 Our people are hungry. S4 Metis and First nations had related but different grievances.

S1 Metis leaders near Batoche asked Louis Riel to return and help. Metis leaders : Please come back and help us, Louis Riel. S2 Louis Riel returned in 1884. S3 We want land, representation, and justice. S4 When the petition failed, the crisis grew.

S1 In 1885, the Metis formed another provisional government. S2 We must defend our community. S3 At Duck Lake, Metis fighters won an early battle. S4 Now the conflict has become war.

S1 Many First Nations also faced hunger and broken promises. S2 Indigenous people : The buffalo are gone, and our people are suffering. S3 Some First Nations took part in the fighting. S4 Indigenous people : Not every nation chose the same path.

S1 The railway helped Canadian troops move west quickly. S2 Hold your ground at Batoche. S3 Person 1 : We are running out of ammunition. S4 Batoche fell in May 1885.

S1 After Batoche, Louis Riel surrendered. S2 I defended my people and their rights. S3 Louis Riel was executed in 1885. S4 Today, many remember Riel as a defender of Metis rights and a founder of Manitoba. Person 1 : He was a rebel who stood against Canada. Person 2 : He fought for our rights, our land, and our future.

S1 Before industrialization, many people worked by hand or used water power. Worker 1 : This work is slow and hard. S2 Steam engines gave people a new source of power. Person 1 : Steam power can run bigger machines. S3 Factories used steam-powered machines to produce goods faster. Person 1 : We can make much more cloth now. Worker 2 : But hours are long. S4 Steam power helped create larger factories and mass production. Person 3 : Everything is changing. Person 4 : Work is moving into factories.

S1 Coal powered factories, trains, and steam engines. Worker 1 : Coal became a key source of energy. S2 Iron was used for machines, tracks, and bridges. Worker 2 : Industry needed stronger materials. S3 Steel was stronger and could be made in larger amounts. Person 1 : Steel changed construction and transportation. S4 Mass production made goods faster and cheaper. Worker 3 : We are making the same products again and again.

S1 Railways moved people and goods much faster. Train : We can cross long distances more quickly now. S2 Railways connected cities, markets, and regions. Person 1 : Fresh goods can reach the city sooner. S3 Steamships mode ocean travel and trade more reliably. Person 2 : We are crossing the ocean by steam. S4 Transportation technology increased trade, migration, and communication. Person 3 : the world feels more connected.

S1 Before electrical communication, messages traveled slowly. Person 1 : This letter may take days to arrive. S2 The telegraph sent messages over long distances very quickly. Person 2 : I can send news almost instantly. S3 The telephone allowed people to hear each other’s voices from far away. Person 3 : Hello! Can you hear me? S4 Communication became faster and more direct. Person 4 : Letters were slow. Person 5 : Now we can share news quickly.

S1 Before electricity, people used candles, oil lamps, and gas lights. Person 1 : Night is dim and hard to work in. S2 Electric lighting changed homes, streets, and workplaces. Person 2 : The room is so much brighter now! S3 Electricity also powered streetcars and new machines. Person 3 : The city is easier to travel in. S4 Electricity helped cities stay active longer. Person 4 : The city does not go dark so early. Person 5 : Life is changing after sunset.

S1 The internal combustion engine helped make cars possible. Person 1 : This machine moves without horses. S2 Cars changed travel and daily life. Person 2 : Roads and cities are starting to change. S3 In 1903, powered flight opened a new era of transportation. Person 3 : People can fly through the air! S4 By the early 1900s, aircraft were becoming

S1 Scientists discovered that germs can cause disease. Scientist 1 : Tiny organisms can spread illness. S2 Germ theory encouraged cleaner medical practices. Nurse 1 : Clean tools can save lives. S3 Anaesthesia and antiseptics made surgery safer. Doctor 1 : The patient can be treated with less pain. S4 New discoveries improved diagnosis and disease prevention Scientist 1 : This technology helps us see inside the body.

S1 Industrial progress also created new problems. Person 1 : The city is crowded and the air is dirty. S2 Many workers faced long hours, low wages, and unsafe conditions. Person 2 : Factory work can be dangerous. S3 Technology also made war more destructive. Train : Modern weapons are changing war. S4 Science and technology improved life for many people, but the benefits and costs were not shared equally.

S1 Before industrialization.. Person 1 : We make cloth at home by hand. S2 Small workshops… Person 2 : Only a few people can work here. S3 Then machines and steam power changed production. Person 3 : These machines can do the work much faster. S4 Factories… Person 4 : Now factories make many more goods.

S1 Before : One worker made the whole product. Worker 1 : I used to make the whole shoe myself. S2 Then : Work was divided into small tasks. Worker 1 : Now each of us does one small task. S3 Result : Goods are made quickly in large numbers. Workers : We can make many more goods

S1 Capitalists invest in factories Person 1 : I invest money to build this factory. S2 Workers provide labor for wages. Worker 1 : We work here and earn wages. S3 Capitalists sell goods and make a profit. Person 1 : After costs are paid, I make a profit. S4 Capitalists own, workers do not. Worker 1 : We do not own the factory. Person 1 : I own the business and machines.

S1 Urbanization Worker 1 : There are fewer jobs on the farm now. S2 The family decides to move. Worker 1 : Let’s go to the city for factory work. S3 They arrive in a growing industrial city. Worker 2 : The city is growing so quickly! S4 They head toward the factory district. Worker 2 : Many people moved here for work.

S1 Person 1 : Our homes are small and crowded. S2 Person 2 : Smoke and dirt fill the air. S3 Person 3 : Dirty water can make people sick. S4 Person 4 : City life can be hard.

S1 Factory work and child labour… Worker 1 : I work very long hours every day. S2 Child worker 1 : I am paid very little. S3 Worker 2 : This work can be dangerous. S4 Worker 3 : Many families depend on these wages.

S1 Workers meeting together Worker 1 : We should unite for better conditions. S2 Workers forming a union Worker 1 : Let’s organize and speak together. S3 Strike outside a factory Worker 1 : We are on strike for change. S4 A lawmaker writing a new law Person 1 : New laws should protect workers.

S1 Industry speeds up life and production… Person 1 : Industry helps make more goods and faster travel. S2 New markets and trade expand… Person 2 : Trade grows between countries. S3 Progress has a cost… Person 3 : But pollution and inequality also grew. S4 A connected world emerges.. Person 4 : Industrialization changed economies, societies, and the world.

S1 Person (left) : Canada is huge. Many places are far apart. Person (right) : We need a way to connect the east and the west. S2 Person (left) : Workers, including many Chinese labourers, built the railway in dangerous conditions. Person (right) : The work was hard and risky. S3 Train : The railway carries people, crops, and goods across long distances. House : It helps new towns grow and connects the country.

S1 Man : The wind is weak today. Sailing can be slow and uncertain. Child : We ned a faster way to move people and goods. S2 Ship : This steamship uses an engine, so it does not depend only on the wind! Ship 2 : Now travel on rivers and lakes is more reliable. S3 Person (left) : Steamships carry passengers and goods more quickly. Person (right) : They help connect towns and markets.

S1 Person 1 : Cars let people travel without following train tracks. Person 2 : We can leave when we want! S2 Farmer : As more people buy cars, governments build roads and highways. Truck driver : Trucks can deliver goods directly. S3 Family : Cars give families more freedom to live and work in different places. Blue car : But more cars also mean traffic and pollution.

S1 Person 1 : This early aircraft shows that people can travel through the air. Person 2 : Flying could save a lot of time. S2 Plane : Planes can reach remote places that are hard to reach by road or rail. We can carry mail, supplies, and people. S3 Person 3 : Aircraft connect distant parts of Canada very quickly. The tower : Long trips that took days can now take hours.